The limits of detections (LODs) of K, Ca, Na, and Mg were 0.390, 0.054, 0.048, and 0.032 mg L −1, respectively. The optimized analytical conditions of LCGD-AES were pH = 1 with HNO 3 as electrolyte, 650 V discharge voltage, and 3 mL min −1 solution flow rate. The miniaturized LCGD seems particularly well suited to rapid and high-sensitivity determination of K, Ca, Na, and Mg in salt mines samples. Lower energy consumption (<50 W) and higher excitation efficiency can be realized by point discharge of the needle-like Pt. An atomic emission spectrometer (AES) based on a novel atmospheric pressure liquid cathode glow discharge (LCGD) as one of the most promising miniaturized excitation sources has been developed, in which the glow discharge is produced between a needle-like Pt anode and the electrolyte (as cathode) overflowing from a quartz capillary.
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